OSM Acadian Variant Species

Sixty-four species are included in the Acadian Variant model (Table 1). Species excluded were those that exist outside or on the periphery of the natural range of the species (e.g., black walnut, European larch). Of the species included, most have > 500 tree growth observations. A number of genera-level species were included (e.g., PICEA, POPULUS) because this resolution of species information was observed frequently in Acadian forest inventory information. Three broad species (Other Softwood, Other Hardwood, and Unknown) were included to allow non-species specific and rare species in inventory data to be accepted by the model.

USDA Plant Codes are the preferred way to store species information for OSM because these codes are available for nearly all species in North America and are the least likely to change. Species can also be loaded and referenced in commands by using the Acadian Variant’s short-hand species keys.

Maximum projectable tree size constraints for DBH and height (HT), and tree annual increment constraints for DBH (DBHI) and height (HTI). Tree size and increment constraints were originally based on the maximum DBH and HT observed in available data; however this was found to be restrictive in practice. In this version, maximums were increased for most species, sometimes beyond the range of observations, especially for species with few observations. The Acadian model will cap tree growth if the individual growth models attempt to predict tree growth beyond these observed limits. Fatal errors or warnings are thrown by OSM if tree size exceed these thresholds.

Actual number of species with species-level parameters may be less than 25. In many cases, very rare species were included in this list if occurrence and management importance was notable in Maine, PE, NS, or NB. Species with missing parameters are assigned surrogate parameters. Workable surrogates are ordered by species growth similarity (most to least) in the table below for each respective species defined. If species parameters are not defined, then the Variant will check to see if parameters can be copied from the next most suitable surrogate until a set of parameters is set; otherwise an error is thrown. Species with no surrogates listed below are very abundant in the Acadian Region and will always have parameters defined by the various growth, mortality model(s).

Species groups declared by the Acadian Variant during model initialization can be used in OSM commands (Table 2) to reduce coding. Users can add their own species groups as well (see OSM Species Commands).

Table 1. Species defined by the Acadian Variant.

USDA Plant Code	Acadian Variant Key	Maximum				Genus	Species	Common Name	Surrogates
USDA Plant Code	Acadian Variant Key	DBH cm	HT m	DBHI *cm/yr*	HTI m/yr	Genus	Species	Common Name	Surrogates
ABBA	BF	75	28	1.3	1.0	Abies	balsamea	balsam fir
LARIX	LX	100	35	1.3	1.2	Larix	spp.	larch spp.	LALA
LALA	TL	100	35	1.3	1.2	Larix	laricina	tamarack (native)	LARIX
PICEA	PI	100	35	1.3	1.0	Picea	spp.	spruce spp.	PIRU, PIGL, PIMA
PIAB	NS	100	35	1.3	1.0	Picea	abies	Norway spruce	PIGL, PICEA, PIRU
PIGL	WS	100	35	1.3	1.0	Picea	glauca	white spruce	PICEA, PIRU
PIMA	BS	75	30	1.3	1.0	Picea	mariana	black spruce	PICEA, PIRU
PIRU	RS	100	35	1.3	1.0	Picea	rubens	red spruce	PICEA, PIMA
PIBA2	JP	56	35	1.3	1.2	Pinus	banksiana	jack pine	PIRE, PIST
PIRE	RP	100	35	1.8	1.2	Pinus	resinosa	red pine	PIBA2, PIST
PIRI	PP	100	35	1.8	1.2	Pinus	rigida	pitch pine	PIBA2, PIRE
PIST	WP	150	40	1.8	1.2	Pinus	strobus	eastern white pine
PISY	SP	100	35	1.8	1.2	Pinus	sylvestris	Scotch pine	PIRE, PIBA2
THOC2	WC	100	26	1.3	1.0	Thuja	occidentalis	northern white-cedar
TSCA	EH	101	31	1.3	1.0	Tsuga	canadensis	eastern hemlock	PIRU
_TE	OS	101	30	1.3	1.0	Evergreen	evergreen	Evergreen tree	THOC2
ACNE2	BE	25	18	1.0	1.0	Acer	negundo	boxelder	ACPE, ALNUS, PRVI, ACSP2, AMELA, ACRU
ACPE	ST	25	18	1.0	1.0	Acer	pensylvanicum	striped maple	ALNUS, ACSP2, PRVI, AMELA, ACRU
ACRU	RM	94	30	1.3	1.0	Acer	rubrum	red maple
ACSA2	SV	94	30	1.3	1.0	Acer	saccharinum	silver maple	ACRU
ACSA3	SM	150	34	1.3	1.0	Acer	saccharum	sugar maple
ACSP2	MM	25	18	1.0	1.0	Acer	spicatum	mountain maple	ALNUS, PRVI, AMELA, ACPE, ACRU
ACPL	NM	94	30	1.3	1.0	Acer	platanoides	Norway maple	ACRU
ALNUS	AL	25	15	0.5	1.0	Alnus	spp.	alder spp.	AMELA, ACSP2, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
AMELA	SE	25	20	0.5	1.0	Amelanchier	spp.	serviceberry spp.	CRATA, ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE,ACRU
BEAL2	YB	150	30	1.3	1.0	Betula	alleghaniensis	yellow birch
BELE	SB	150	28	1.3	1.0	Betula	lenta	sweet birch	BEPA
BEPA	WB	150	28	1.3	1.0	Betula	papyrifera	paper birch
BEPO	GB	37	22	1.3	1.0	Betula	populifolia	gray birch	ACPE, PRPE2, BEPA
CACA18	AH	50	23	1.3	1.0	Carpinus	caroliniana	American hornbeam, musclewood	OSVI, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
CARYA	HI	150	30	1.3	1.0	Carya	spp.	hickory spp.	CAOV2, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
CAOV2	SH	150	30	1.3	1.0	Carya	ovata	shagbark hickory	CARYA, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
CORNU	DW	15	8	0.5	1.0	Cornus	spp.	dogwood spp.	CRATA, AMELA, ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
CRATA	HT	25	15	0.5	1.0	Crataegus	spp.	hawthorn spp.	ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
DIVI5	CP	25	18	0.5	1.0	Diospyros	virginiana	common persimmon	CRATA, AMELA, ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
FAGR	AB	150	30	1.3	1.0	Fagus	grandifolia	American beech	QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
FRAXI	AS	150	30	1.3	1.0	Fraxinus	spp.	ash spp.	FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
FRAM2	WA	150	30	1.3	1.0	Fraxinus	americana	white ash	FRAXI, FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
FRNI	BA	44	25	1.3	1.0	Fraxinus	nigra	black ash	PRPE2, FRAXI, FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
FRPE	GA	150	30	1.3	1.0	Fraxinus	pennsylvanica	green ash	FRAXI, FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
JUCI	BN	100	25	1.3	1.0	Juglans	cinerea	butternut	ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
MALUS	AP	70	15	1.3	1.0	Malus	spp.	apple spp.	SOAM3, ALNUS, FRNI, ACPE, ACSP2, ACRU
OSVI	HH	50	23	1.3	1.0	Ostrya	virginiana	eastern hophornbeam	CACA18, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
POPUL	PO	150	35	1.3	1.2	Populus	spp.	cottonwood and poplar spp.	POPUL, POTR5
POBA2	BP	150	35	1.3	1.2	Populus	balsamifera	balsam poplar	POPUL, POTR5
PODE3	EC	150	35	1.3	1.2	Populus	deltoides	eastern cottonwood	POPUL, POTR5
POGR4	BT	150	35	1.3	1.2	Populus	grandidentata	bigtooth aspen	POPUL, POTR5
POTR5	QA	150	35	1.3	1.2	Populus	tremuloides	quaking aspen	POPUL
PRPE2	PR	32	20	1.3	1.0	Prunus	pensylvanica	pin cherry	PRSE2, ACPE, ALNUS, FRNI, ACPE, ACSP2, ACRU
PRSE2	BC	60	30	1.3	1.0	Prunus	serotina	black cherry	PRPE2, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
PRVI	CC	30	20	1.3	1.0	Prunus	virginiana	chokecherry	ALNUS, ACSP2, FRNI, ACPE, BEPO, ACRU
QUERC	OK	150	30	1.3	1.0	Quercus	spp.	oak spp	QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
QUAL	WO	150	30	1.3	1.0	Quercus	alba	white oak	QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
QUMA2	BR	150	30	1.3	1.0	Quercus	macrocarpa	bur oak	QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
QURU	RO	150	30	1.3	1.0	Quercus	rubra	northern red oak	QUERC, ACSA3, ACRU
QUVE	BO	150	30	1.3	1.0	Quercus	velutina	black oak	QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
SALIX	WL	150	20	1.3	1.0	Salix	spp.	willow spp.	SANI, ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL,POTR5
SANI	BL	150	20	1.3	1.0	Salix	nigra	black willow	SALIX, ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
SOAM3	MA	50	18	1.3	1.0	Sorbus	americana	American mountain-ash	MALUS, FRNI, ACPE, ACRU
TIAM	BW	200	30	1.3	1.0	Tilia	americana	American basswood	QURU, QUERC, ACRU
ULMUS	EL	200	35	1.3	1.0	Ulmus	spp.	elm spp.	ULAM, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
ULAM	AE	200	35	1.3	1.0	Ulmus	americana	American elm	ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
_TB	OH	150	30	1.3	1.0	Broadleaf	Broadleaf	Broadleaf tree	QURU, QUERC, OSVI, ACRU
_TREE	XX	50	18	1.3	1.0	Tree	Unknown	Unknown tree	ACSP2, ALNUS, AMELA, ACPE, PRVI,BEPO, ACRU

Table 2. Species groups defined by the Acadian Variant.

GROUP	SPECIES
SpruceSpecies	PICEA, PIRU, PIMA, PIGL, PIAB
LarchSpecies	LARIX, LALA
PineSpecies	PIBA2, PIRE, PIRI, PIST, PISY
MapleSpecies	ACNE2, ACPE, ACRU, ACSP2, ACSA2, ACSA3, ACPL
BirchSpecies	BEAL2, BELE, BEPA, BEPO
IronwoodSpecies	CACA18, OSVI
HickorySpecies	CARYA, CAOV2
AshSpecies	FRAXI, FRAM2, FRNI, FRPE
PoplarSpecies	POPUL, POBA2, POGR4, PODE3, POTR5
CherrySpecies	PRPE2, PRSE2, PRVI
OakSpecies	QUERC, QUAL, QUMA2, QURU, QUVE
WillowSpecies	SALIX, SANI
ElmSpecies	ULMUS, ALNUS